Congressional Minuteman
Has anyone out there ever read the United States of America’s Declaration of Independence? I have. However, I am beginning to wonder if any of our Congress knows how to read. According to the U.S. Capitol Historical Society located at 200 Maryland Avenue, N.E, Washington, D.C. 20002, Phone: (202) 543-8919 and Fax: (202) 544-8244 and on the Web: www.uschs.org , the Constitution of the United States of America and The Declaration of Independence & Gettysburg Address are important documents of this nation’s history. In fact, these papers are of such import, they made a small pamphlet available for $1.00 purchase at the Clinton Museum Store located just down from the Clinton Library located in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Since the Historical Society says it better than I can, I am quoting this historical document from time to time throughout this article in case United States Citizens have learned to read only on-line white papers. Beginning with the first cover, I am quoting it just as it reads in the pamphlet, then I will choose actual quoted words or phrases from the pamphlet that underscore the importance of our Congress and the Chamber of Commerce rolls in choosing our elected law-making authority.
Before I am finished outlining (using double quotation for all quoted areas) Congressional Powers within our national government, I hope you understand that American citizens have never been and will never be ‘dumbed-down’. Intelligence matters. And, that is the United States of America’s competitive advantage.
‘ “We may be tossed upon an ocean where we can see no land-not, perhaps, the sun or stars. But there is a chart and a compass for us to study, to consult, and to obey. The chart is the Constitution.” Daniel Webster, an address at Springfield, Mass., September 29, 1847.
Benjamin Franklin was asked at the conclusion of the Constitutional Convention, “What have you wrought?” He replied, “…a Republic, if you can keep it.”
FORWORD
The many reasons for seeking to end the domination of the British Crown are eloquently set forth in the Declaration of Independence. Those who pledged their “lives, fortunes and sacred honors” to achieve independence and establish a new nation wanted to get things in writing. The British king and parliament had unwritten tradition as their guide. Five centuries earlier, English noblemen had required their king to sign the Magna Carta, a written document guaranteeing certain privileges.
Before the legislatures of the 13 newly independent colonies were willing to ratify a proposed Constitution forging them into a national federal government, they wanted additional individual rights guaranteed to their citizens-and they wanted them in writing. Thus, the first ten amendments were promptly added.
The founders of our nation made the first order of business (Article One) the establishment of a national legislature where the people would be heard and represented in making laws to govern the land and its people. The establishment of an executive to execute the laws passed by Congress came next. The third branch of the government, “judicial Power” was vested in “one Supreme Court and in such inferior courts as Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.”
With such guarantees of power in the hands of people, ratification did not come easily. It took the written arguments in the widely circulated Federalist Papers by men from different philosophical persuasions to convince citizens to trust a new federal government. Even today, the Justices of the Supreme Court peruse those papers and the notes taken as minutes of the Constitutional Convention by James Madison to determine what this written contract meant then and how it is to be applied today.
With those changes have come new rights and inferred responsibilities with them to “form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity.” Americans have not forgotten that charge, even in times of great crisis. As the fate of the Union hung in the balance, President Abraham Lincoln, in his Gettysburg Address, reminded citizens of their “unfinished work”, to ensure the survival of “government of the people, by the people, for the people.” ’
HERE I MUST HIGHLIGHT CERTAIN AREAS OF CONCERN:
‘ “Only the Congress can initiate, consider and enact federal law which the President can then veto, execute or ignore and the Supreme Court uphold or declare unconstitutional. Only the Congress can confirm the constitutional election of the President or a federal judge. The Congress even has the power to qualify or expel its own Members.” ’
DOES THE FACT THAT OUR FOREIGN-OWNED CHAMBER OF COMMERCE HEAVILY LOBBIES TO ELECT OUR CONGRESS MEN AND WOMEN UPSET ANY OTHER CITIZEN OF THE UNITED STATES?????
‘ “Congressman Fred Schwengel of Iowa, the founder of the United States Capitol Historical Society, believed that all those constitutional privileges are hinged on the right of each individual citizen-We the People-to vote and elect the Members of the U.S. House of Representatives, the U.S. Senate and the President of the United States.
(Hand Signed)
Ronald A Sarasin
President, U.S. Capitol Historical Society
Former U.S. Representative, Connecticut
Constitution of the United States
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” ’
NOTICE THE PARTS WHERE IT CLEARLY STATES THAT WE ALL AGREED TO HELP EACH OTHER AND TAKE CARE OF EACH OTHER FOR BETTER OR FOR WORSE??? THE KEY WORDS HERE ARE: we, people, order, form, more, perfect, union, justice, tranquility, defence, welfare, blessings, liberty, posterity, constitution, united, states, America.
‘ “Article. I.
Section. 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.” ’
WHY DO WE ALLOW LOBBYING OF OUR ELECTED OFFICIALS BY BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS (FOR PROFIT OR NON-PROFIT)? AREN’T THOSE OF CONGRESS SUPPOSED TO BE THE BEST OUR COUNTRY HAS TO OFFER? DO WE THINK THEY ARE SO INCOMPETENT THAT THEY CANNOT READ AND UNDERSTAND WHAT BILLS ARE SET BEFORE THEM, OR THAT THEY HAVE NOT BEEN APPRISED OF ALL SIDES OF AN ISSUE ENOUGH TO MAKE AN INFORMED JUDGMENT?
IF ALL LEGISLATIVE POWERS ARE WITH BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS, AND THOSE HOUSES ARE BEING CONSTANTLY BOMBARDED BY FOREIGN INFLUENCES AND SPECIAL INTERESTS OF FOREIGNERS, THEN HOW IN THE WORLD DO REAL AMERICAN CITIZENS GET THEIR CONCERNS TO THE FLOOR OF EITHER HOUSE?
THE CONCERN HERE IS FOR THOSE PEOPLE LIKE THE AMERICAN SMALL FARMER OR SMALL BUSINESS OWNER. WHAT HAS HAPPENED IS THAT THEY SAW THAT THEY COULD NOT GET THROUGH ALL THE HOGWASH PRESENTED TO THEIR SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES, SO THEY FORMED A MEMBERSHIP AND HIRED PROFESSIONAL LOBBYISTS TO PUSH THEIR AGENDAS. HOWEVER, THE FOREIGNERS SAW THEIR WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY AND BECAME THE SEATED BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR THE LOCAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, THE NUMBER OF WHICH STANDS AT 3,068 LOCAL CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE, TO DATE.
EACH ONE OF THESE CHAMBERS SHOULD BE VETTED. THEY SHOULD BE THOROUGHLY CLEANED OF CONTAMINANTS. THEN, THEY SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO LOBBY ANY ELECTED OFFICIAL OR CIVIL SERVENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. NOT TO SAY THAT BIG BUSINESS HASN’T PUT THEIR FOOT IN THE CHAMBER DOOR, THEY HAVE. SO, THESE TOO NEED CLEANED AND VETTED TO ASSURE OUR PATRIOTIC DEMOCRACY.
‘ “Section. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.
No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.
[Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.]¹ The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.
When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.
The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.” ’
ACCORDING TO THIS DOCUMENT, REPRESENTATIVES AND DIRECT TAXES ARE TO BE APPORTIONED AMOUNG ALL THE STATES OF THE UNION, ACCORDING TO THE ENUMERATION PERFORMED EVERY TEN YEARS. THE ENUMERATION HERE MEANS THE COUNTING OF PEOPLE IN EACH STATE TO APPORTION REPRESENTATIVES AND TAXES. IT DOES NOT MEAN THAT PEOPLE ARE TO BE COUNTED FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE AS THIS IS ILLEGAL.
IN FACT, ACCORDING TO THE SIXTEENTH AMENDMENT,” ’ ‘ “The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.” ’ ‘ “DOES THIS MEAN THAT CONGRESS CAN APPLY TAXES ON PEOPLE’S INCOME, AT WILL? YES. WHY, THEN, DO WE NEED THE CENSUS TO TAX PEOPLE’S INCOME? AND, WHY DOES THE CENSUS NEED TO KNOW EVERY IDENTIFYING THING ABOUT EACH AND EVERY CITIZEN – TO DISCRIMINATE?
ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 1, SECTION 2, DIRECT TAXES ARE APPORTIONED AMONG THE STATES AS WELL AS REPRESENTATIVES. DIRECT TAXES ARE THOSE TAXES PAYING THE REPRESENTATIVES TO THE APPORTIONED STATES.
NOT ONLY THAT, IT SAYS THAT IF THERE ARE MORE THAN THIRTY THOUSAND PEOPLE PER STATE, THEN THERE MUST BE ELECTED ANOTHER REPRESENTATIVE FOR APPORTIONMENT TO THE STATE LACKING THE EXTRA REPRESENTATIVE. BECAUSE THERE CAN BE NO MORE THAN ONE REPRESENTATIVE PER THIRTY THOUSAND. EVEN ONE MORE PERSON ADDED CONSTITUTES ELECTING ONE MORE REPRESENTATIVE TO APPORTION THROUGHOUT THE STATES. SO, WHICHEVER STATE IS IN NEED OF THE APPORTIONED REPRESENTATIVE ACCORDING TO THEIR ENUMERATION, THEN THAT STATE RECEIVES THE EXTRA REPRESENTATIVE. HOWEVER, THIS REPRESENTATIVE MUST NOT LIVE IN THE STATE OF APPORTIONMENT.
FOR ALL INDIANS OUT THERE WHO THOUGHT THEY WERE NOT CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES, HERE IS YOUR NOTICE…YOU ARE, HEREAFTER, CONSIDERED CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. YOU ARE CONSIDERED A FREE PERSON ACCORDING TO THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AND THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. THE THREE FIFTHS OF ALL OTHER PERSONS MENTIONED ABOVE ARE THOSE SUCH AS MAY BE IMMIGRANTS, ILLEGAL ALIENS, OR MARRIED PERSONS NOT CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
Section. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, [chosen by the Legislature thereof,]² for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.
Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; [and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.]³
No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.
The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.
The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.
The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.
Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.
Section. 4. The Times, Places, and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.
The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be [on the first Monday in December,] unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day. ” ’
I WONDER IF CONGRESS CAN READ. ACCORDING TO THE CONSTITUTION, THEY SHALL STAY ASSEMBLED ALL YEAR, BUT MEET ONE DAY A YEAR. THE REASON FOR THIS IS TO ASSURE THAT THE PRESIDENT MAY SEND BACK TO BOTH HOUSES HIS/HER OBJECTIONS TO ANY BILLS THAT CROSS HIS/HER DESK.
‘ “Section. 5. Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide.
Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.
Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.
Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.” ’
HERE IS WHERE IT GETS INTERESTING. THE WORD, BUSINESS, MAY BE LOOKED UP IN THE DICTIONARY. BUSINESS REFERS TO COMMERCE. SO, ACCORDING TO THE ENGLISH DICTIONARY, A MAJORITY OF BOTH HOUSES MUST PERFORM BUSINESS TOGETHER!!!. HOWEVER, IF ANY MEMBER OF EITHER HOUSE REFUSES TO PERFORM THEIR BUSINESS OBLIGATIONS, THEN TWO-THIRDS OF EITHER HOUSE MUST STAY BEHIND TO PERFORM OPERATIONS, WHILE A SMALLER NUMBER PHYSICALLY GOES OUT TO ROUND UP AND SUBMIT PENALTIES TO THE ABSENT MEMBERS REFUSING TO PERFORM THEIR DUTIES. AND, IF ANY MEMBER OF EITHER HOUSE CONTINUES TO REFUSE TO PERFORM DUTIES OF THEIR OFFICE, THEY MAY BE EXPELLED BYA MAJORITY OF THAT HOUSE.
BOTH HOUSES MUST NOT ADJOURN FOR MORE THAN THREE DAYS WHILE CONGRESS IS IN SESSION. AND, ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 1, SECTION 4, CONGRESS MUST STAY IN SESSION ALL YEAR LONG, ONLY MEETING ONCE A YEAR. WHAT PART OF THESE WORDS DO THEY NOT UNDERSTAND? OR, IS THERE SOME SORT OF LANGUAGE BARRIER? YOU SEE, THE NEW VERSION OF MICROSOFT WORD 2007, HAS MISSING WORDS, SUCH AS EMOLUMENTS. I TRIED TO FIND THE MEANING OF THIS WORD IN THEIR NEWEST VERSION, BUT IT WAS NOT THERE. NOT ONLY THAT WORD, BUT MANY OTHERS ARE MISSING FROM THIS PROGRAM. I WONDER WHY? MAYBE THAT IS WHY OUR CONSTITUTION IS MISREAD BY CONGRESS. MAYBE THEY CAN’T FIND THE MEANINGS OF THE WORDS AND ARE SELF-INTERPRETING THE DOCUMENTS.
OTHER CONCERNS ARE THE QUESTIONS AND THE YEAS OR NAYS ENTERED INTO HOUSE JOURNALS. NOT EVERYTHING IS SECRET. EVERYTHING SAID IN THE HOUSES IS TO BE ENTERED INTO THE JOURNALS IF AT LEAST ONE-FIFTH AGREES TO ITS ENTRY. HOWEVER, THOSE THINGS DETERMINED BY TWO-THIRDS CONCURRENCE OF EITHER HOUSE TO BE SECRET SHALL NOT BE PUBLISHED TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC. IF THERE IS AT LEAST ONE-FIFTH OF EITHER HOUSE CONCERNED ABOUT THE JOURNALS AND THE ENTRIES MISSING FROM THE JOURNAL OF EITHER HOUSE OR BOTH AT THE SAME TIME, THEN THERE NEEDS BE A QUORUM OF ADJUSTMENT BY AT LEAST THE CONCURRENCE OF TWO-THIRDS OF EITHER OR BOTH HOUSES, PUBLISHING THOSE QUESTIONS AND YEAS OR NAYS TO THE JOURNAL. THIS IS SO THAT THE PEOPLE MAY SEE FOR THEMSELVES WHO HAD CONCERNS ABOUT THE CONSTITUTION INFRINGEMENTS AND BE ALLOWED TO BRING JUSTICE FOR THOSE MEMBERS TEARING DOWN EITHER HOUSE.
SO, IN EFFECT, IF ONE HOUSE (BY TWO-THIRDS MAJORITY) HAS CONCERNS ABOUT THE JOURNAL ENTRIES (QUESTIONS) SUBMITTED TO ANOTHER HOUSE, THEN THE JOURNAL OF THE OTHER HOUSE MUST BE OPENED FOR JUDGMENT ALLOWING THE JUDGMENT OF ENTRIES. THEN, IF ADJUSTMENT OR PUBLISHING TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC IS DETERMINED BY THE TWO-THIRDS MAJORITY OF THE HOUSES, THEN THOSE DOCUMENTS MUST BE PUBLISHED. The reason I say both Houses is because it plainly states above that both Houses are responsible for each other’s business as a quorum majority. As a matter of fact, it states that a small number of either House may adjourn from day to day to round up a member of either House. This is to allow BOTH HOUSES to conduct business as a quorum of two-thirds majority!!! This is the law. At least two-thirds of either House MUST BE PRESENT to conduct business on a daily basis!!! They MUST perform their duties all year long except when they have been granted duties by their HOUSE to round up absent members.
THE ADJUSTMENT AND PUBLISHING OF THE JOURNALS OF EACH HOUSE ARE IMPORTANT. WHEN THE GENERAL PUBLIC ARE MADE AWARE OF THE BUSINESS OF THEIR HOUSES THAT IS NOT A SECRET, THEN THEY ARE ABLE TO ADJUST THEIR VOTE ACCORDINGLY. HOWEVER, THE VOTE BY THE PEOPLE MUST ALSO BE CORRECT. AND, THIS HAD ALSO BEEN SKEWED BY THOSE TEARING DOWN THE HOUSES.
HERE IS MY SOLUTION PREVENTING VOTES FROM BEING SKEWED BY TERRORISTS: Every citizen in the United States of America should have their vote counted electing any official of the government. This way, those votes may not be skewed. Then, a random statistical standard deviation of the population may be taken using a CLOSED-LOOP programming solution such as my company or another of good background and standing may supply. This choosing of voters by a program to question about their vote, allows our voting registration office assurance that the people voting one way truly voted the way the programming said they voted. In fact, the random occurrences should be from three different CLOSED LOOP PROGRAMMING sources and it should be done soon after the election to assure that those people who voted may remember the way they voted. This survey may be conducted at the end of every voter completed entry as a check-list of activity, but it shall also be a face-to-face survey of random selection to assure accuracy of the machines. So, in effect, any programming audit system must follow up with a person-to-person connection for verification of correct voting. The selection dispersion shall be an even count throughout every state with no less than one per county, Parrish, Territory, or Commonwealth and no more than twelve per such.
[[[One of the problems I encountered while voting in my district was that there was undue pressure from the Republican ‘volunteer’. When I came into the voting house, I was asked by a volunteer if I was voting Republican. I said, “Not that it’s any of your business, but no. I am voting Democrat.” She smiled her discriminatory smile and handed me the ‘DEMOCRATIC’ form. The person behind me was asked the same question and she said, “Republican.” The volunteer very sweetly handed her a form from a different stack. You see, there are two forms. One is for Republicans, the other is for Democrats. Gee. I did not know this was legal. Isn’t there supposed to be one form for either? Looks like the voting houses need cleaned too.]]]
If the person randomly chosen allows, there should also be a national forum showing how this person voted. This way, the general public is assured their votes are correctly entered into the system. It is a self-generated auditing that occurs in random order throughout the voting process. The programming may not, at any time, be disrupted. And, no interference may occur during the random measures. If, however, any one of the auditing systems is interrupted, that system is disallowed. That is why we need at least three separate auditing systems with CLOSED-LOOP random statistics.
If the voter chosen at random by the machine does not wish for their vote to be known to the general public, it must then be archived for reference by BOTH HOUSES. The terrorists know our government processes almost better than we do. They have used our process against us by making voting rules where citizen’s individual votes do not count. This is how they infiltrated our government along with other diversion and divisive designs. The only way to eliminate those processes that DO NOT BELONG to our government is to go back to the beginning documentation and start over. It was good then, and it is good now. Those people howling that this way is antique and no good, should take a ride in my 1979 Chevrolet Scottsdale and feel the difference in the metal and the cushion seat. Now, that is quality control.
‘ “Section. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place.
No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.” ’
CLEARLY, IT IS PLAIN ENGLISH HERE THAT ANY SENATOR AND REPRESENTATIVE MUST PERFORM SERVICES FOR COMPENSATION AND IF THEY HAVE BEEN FOUND BY THE MAJORITY TO HAVE COMMITTED TREASON, FELONY, AND/OR BREACH OF PEACE, THEY MAY BE ARRESTED DURING THEIR ATTENDANCE AT THE SESSION OR EITHER HOUSES, AND/OR IN RETURNING TO OR FROM THE SESSION OR EITHER HOUSES. AND, THEY MAY BE QUESTIONED FOR ANY SPEECH OR DEBATE IN EITHER HOUSE, BUT NOT IN ANY OTHER PLACE. ALSO, THIS MEANS THAT EACH AND EVERY QUESTION AND THE YEAS OR NAYS TO EACH ARE TO BE CONSIDERED AS SECRET OR NOT SECRET. THIS IS TO ALLOW FOR CERTAIN QUESTIONS AND THE ANSWERS TO EACH BE ENTERED INTO THE PUBLIC JOURNAL. SO, IN EFFECT, A SENATOR AND REPRESENTATIVE ARE TO BE TRIED BY A JURY OF THEIR PEERS ON THE FLOOR OF EITHER HOUSE IN THE FORM OF QUESTIONS ABOUT THEIR ACTIONS AND TREASONOUS, FELONIOUS, OR BREACH OF BEHAVIOR PATTERNS.
THIS IS THE PART WHERE QUESTIONS TO MEMBERS AND THE YEAS OR NAYS SHOULD BE ENTERED INTO THE JOURNAL!!!!
ALSO, THIS ORIGINAL DOCUMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA READS THAT IF AN OFFICE HAS BEEN CREATED UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE AUTHORITY OF THE UNITED STATES, AND ITS EMOLUMENTS (further compensation) AND/OR OTHER OFFICES HAVE BEEN ENCREASED, THEN NO SENATOR OR REPRESENTATIVE SHALL, DURING THEIR TIME ELECTED, BE APPOINTED TO ANY CIVIL OFFICE. NOR SHALL A CIVIL SERVENT OF THE UNITED STATES BE ALLOWED MEMBERSHIP INTO EITHER HOUSE WHILE HE OR SHE HOLDS A CIVIL SERVICE POSITION.
‘ “Section. 7. All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representative; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.
Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sunday excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.” ’
HERE IS WHERE THE CONGRESS SHALL NOT ADJOURN FOR MORE THAN THREE DAYS!! Remember: BOTH HOUSES MUST NOT ADJOURN FOR MORE THAN THREE DAYS WHILE CONGRESS IS IN SESSION. AND, ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 1, SECTION 4, CONGRESS MUST STAY IN SESSION ALL YEAR LONG, ONLY MEETING ONCE A YEAR. SO, MEMBERS FROM EITHER HOUSE MUST SCHEDULE VACATIONS, SICK DAYS, ETC..SO THAT EITHER HOUSE MAINTAINS A MAJORITY EXCEPT FOR THREE DAYS OF THE YEAR. REMEMBER: that both Houses are responsible for each other’s business as a quorum majority. As a matter of fact, it states that a small number of either House may adjourn from day to day to round up a member of either House. This is to allow BOTH HOUSES to conduct business as a quorum of two-thirds majority!!! This is the law. At least two-thirds of either House MUST BE PRESENT to conduct business on a daily basis!!! They MUST perform their duties all year long except when they have been granted duties by their HOUSE to round up absent members.
‘ “Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
Section. 8. The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States.” ’
OK. SO, WHAT PART OF THE WORD…UNIFORM…DO THEY NOT UNDERSTAND? IT CLEARLY STATES THAT ALL DUTIES, IMPOSTS AND EXCISES SHALL BE UNIFORM THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES. THIS IS THE LAW, PEOPLE. THIS IS THE ORIGINAL LAW!!! SO, NOT ONLY CAN CONGRESS TAX UNITED STATES CITIZENS AT A GROSS 10% OF THEIR INCOME, THEY MUST APPLY TAXES IN AN EVEN MEASURE THROUGHOUT THE SYSTEM. AND, THE ONLY WAY TO MAKE SURE EQUALITY IS PRESERVED IS TO TAX INCOME FROM THE TOP DOWN. THIS MEANS THAT ABSOLUTELY EVERY INCOME PRODUCER PAYS AN EQUAL PORTION (NO REFUNDS) TO RUN OUR GOVERNMENT. ALSO, WHEN DEBTS ARE PAID BY CONGRESS, THEY MAY DO SO AT THEIR OWN JUDGMENT. THIS MEANS THAT IF DEBTS HAVE OCCURRED THROUGHOUT THE REGULAR COURSE OF BUSINESS AND THOSE DEBTS HAVE BEEN DETERMINED BY A MAJORITY (QUORUM) THAT THEY ARE FRAUDULENT IN NATURE AND DO NOT CONTRIBUTE TO OUR DEFENCE OR GENERAL WELFARE, THEN THOSE DEBTS MAY BE IGNORED OR FORGIVEN.
CONGRESS HAS THIS KIND OF POWER. THEREFORE, WE, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, DO NOT OWE OTHER COUNTRIES THE DEBTS THEY LAY CLAIM. THE REASON IS CLEAR THAT THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA HAS BEEN SUPPLYING OTHER COUNTRIES WITH MONEY AND SUPPORT FOR MANY MANY YEARS AND IT IS NOW COLLECTING THE DEBTS OWED BY OTHER COUNTRIES TO OURS. THIS IS THE POWER OF CONGRESS. THAT IS WHY IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO HAVE ONLY NATURAL-BORN AMERICANS AS SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES OF OUR COUNTRY.
‘ “To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;
To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;
To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;
To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;
To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;
To establish Post Offices and post Roads;
To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;
To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;
To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;
To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;
To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;
To provide and maintain a Navy;
To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;
To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;
To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;-And
To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.
Section. 9. The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.
The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.
No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.
No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.
No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.
No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another; nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.” ’
DOES THIS LAST ONE SOUND INTERESTING TO ANY PEOPLE IN THE TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT? IT CLEARLY STATES THAT VESSELS (MEANING TRANSPORT VEHICLES OF ANY KIND) GOING TO OR FROM ONE STATE ARE NOT UNDER ANY RESPONSIBILITY OR OBLIGATION TO GO INTO OR OUT OF A STATE IF THEY DO NOT WISH TO. IT ALSO STATES THAT ANY VESSEL FROM ONE STATE DOES NOT OWE DUTIES TO ANOTHER STATE. WHY THEN, DO WE MAINTAIN WEIGHT STATIONS COLLECTING DUTIES OF VESSELS ENTERING THE STATE? I KNOW THEY USE THESE RULES AND DUTIES TO HELP PAY FOR OUR ROADS, BUT ISN’T THAT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CONGRESS?
‘ “ No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it’s inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress.” ’
ACCORDING TO THE LAW ABOVE, CONGRESS SHALL HAVE THE POWER To establish Post Offices and post Roads. WHY, THEN, ARE STATES COLLECTING REVENUE FROM VESSELS GOING INTO OR OUT OF THEIR STATE AND KEEPING IT FROM THE U.S. TREASURY – A FEDERAL ESTABLISHMENT? SOME WOULD SAY TO HELP KEEP TRACK OF DRIVERS AND THE HOURS THEY WORK. OTHERS WOULD ARGUE THAT IT IS NECESSARY TO ASSURE VESSELS ARE IN PROPER WORKING CONDITION OR TO POLICE THE HIGHWAYS. I SAY, THERE IS A BETTER WAY TO ACHIEVE THESE PROCESSES WITHOUT INFRINGING OUR RIGHTS AS HUMAN BEINGS. MY COMPANY HAS SOLUTIONS FOR THESE PROCESSES. IN FACT, MY COMPANY PROVIDES SOLUTIONS FOR ALMOST EVERY SCENARIO. THAT IS OUR JOB. THE ONLY SOLUTION WE CANNOT PROVIDE IS YOUR DECISION TO BE A SOLUTION.
I AM QUOTING OUR CONSTITUTION, PEOPLE. THESE ARE THE ORIGINAL LAWS OF THIS COUNTRY!!! I DID NOT MAKE THESE LAWS, THEY ARE THERE FOR ANY CITIZEN TO READ, BUT YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF THEM DOES TAKE A MODICUM OF INTELLECT.
THEREFORE, I AM PROPOSING THAT ABSOLUTELY EVERY ELECTED OFFICIAL OF LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL OFFICE MUST READ AND UNDERSTAND THESE LAWS BEFORE TAKING OFFICE. IN FACT, THEY SHOULD REGULARLY HAVE THESE LAWS READ AND UNDERSTOOD AMONG THEIR PARTICULAR OFFICE; WHEREBY, THE PRESIDENT OR HEAD OF THAT OFFICE READS THESE DOCUMENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEARLY MEETING. ALSO, THERE SHOULD BE AN AGREEMENT BY A MAJORITY OF THOSE PRESENT AT THESE MEETINGS THAT THEY HAVE READ AND UNDERSTAND THESE DOCUMENTS.
‘ “No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.
No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, prince, or foreign State.
Section. 10. No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.
No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it’s inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress.
No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.” ’
THE TREASURY THE ORIGINATORS TALK ABOUT IN THIS DOCUMENT IS THE FEDERAL (UNITED STATES) TREASURY. THE USE OF TREASURY FUNDS IS, ACCORDING TO OUR CONSTITUTION, TO BE MADE A PUBLIC ACCOUNTING. AND, NO STATE SHALL MAKE ANY THING LEGAL TENDER PAYMENT OF DEBTS EXCEPT THE UNITED STATES COINED GOLD AND SIVER. THE KEY WORDS HERE ARE STATES, THING, AND COIN.
ALSO, IT CLEARLY STATES AS OUR LAWS OF THIS COUNTRY THAT NO STATE MAY MAKE EX POST FACTO LAWS OR PASS ANY BILL OF ATTAINDER, OR PREVENT IMPAIRMENT OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS, OR GRANT TITLES OF NOBILITY. INDIANS, WHEN ALREADY ROYAL LINEAGE, DO NOT NEED GRANTING OF NOBILITY. THE NOBILITY IS THEIRS. THE GOVERNMENT MAY ‘RECOGNIZE’ THEIR STATUS WITHIN THEIR OWN SOVEREIGNTY, BUT WILL NOT ‘GRANT’ A NEW TYPE OF ‘ROYALTY’. SO, ALL NATURAL-BORN CITIZENS – INDIANS – WITH RECOGNITION FROM THEIR OWN TRIBE(S) AS ROYALTY OF THAT TRIBE OR TRIBES, ARE CONSIDERED BY THE UNITED STATES AS LEADERS FOR THEIR PEOPLE. WE THE PEOPLE, OF THE UNITED STATES, DO NOT ‘GRANT’ ROYALTIES. ROYALTY IS A STATE OF BEING KNOWN TO THOSE WITHIN THAT FAMILY. AND, SINCE INDIAN TRIBES ARE CONSIDERED A SEPARATE CLASSIFICATION OF PEOPLE WITHIN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THEN THEY ARE ALLOWED TO PRESENT THEIR ROYALTY AS REPRESENTATION OF THAT FAMILY OR TRIBE OF PEOPLE.
OUR FOUNDING DOCUMENT ALSO CLEARLY STATES THAT IMPORTS AND EXPORTS LAWS ARE EXECUTED BY CONGRESS AND THAT ANY DUTIES OR TAXES IMPOSED BY ANY STATE GO TO THE UNITED STATES TREASURY DEPARTMENT (A FEDERAL DEPARTMENT, NOT STATE). AND, THE ONLY REASON A STATE IS TO IMPOSE SUCH TAXES IS TO HELP THEM INSPECT IMPORTS OR EXPORTS FROM THEIR STATE. EVEN SO, WHEN THEY HAVE DECIDED THIS ACTION IS NECESSARY FOR STATE PROTECTION, THE MONIES OR DUTIES COLLECTED ARE TO ENTER THE FEDERAL TREASURY COFFERS. THEN, TOO, CONGRESS CONTROLS THE MAKING OF ALL IMPORT AND EXPORT LAWS NO MATTER WHICH STATE IS PETITIONING FOR IMPORT AND/OR EXPORT TAXATION.
FURTHERMORE, THE LAW CLEARLY STATES THAT IF A STATE, ANY STATE, OR COMBINATION THEREOF HAS CONCENSUS THAT THEIR POWERS OF AUTHORITY OR CITIZENRY ARE IN ‘IMMINENT DANGER’ FROM INVASION, THEN THOSE CITIZENS WITHIN THAT STATE MAY ‘lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War’. THIS MEANS THAT EXPEDIENCY IS SOMETIMES NECESSARY TO PROTECT A STATE OR STATES FROM DANGERS, ONE OF WHICH COULD BE AN ILLEGALLY ORGANIZED EFFORT TO ‘OCCUPY’ STATE TERRITORIES. AND, THAT IF THE AUTHORITIES WITHIN THAT STATE OR STATES AGREE TO ENGAGE IN WARFARE TO PROTECT ITS CITIZENS FROM OUTSIDE INFLUENCES, THEN OUR CONSTITUTION ALLOWS THIS JUDGMENT.
‘ “Article. II.
Section. 1. The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows
Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.
[The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President.]6
The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.
No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.
[In Case of the Removal of the President from office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as president, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.]
The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them.
Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:-“I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.”
Section. 2. The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective officers, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardon for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.
He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law; or in the Heads of Departments.
The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.
Section. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States.” ’
LET ME EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS LAST SENTENCE. IF OUR PRESIDENT DECIDES TO ADJOURN CONGRESS AT THE BEGINNING ‘TIME PERIOD’ (TEN DAYS IS HIS TIME PERIOD) FOR HIM TO SIGN A BILL INTO LAW, THEN CONGRESS MUST COMPLY. THEN, THEY MUST ALSO COME BACK INTO SESSION AFTER NO MORE THAN THREE DAYS ADJOURNMENT. SO, IN EFFECT, THE PRESIDENT MAY WAIT FOR FIVE OR SIX DAYS TO ADJOURN CONGRESS AND SIGN THE BILL OR SEND IT BACK. AND, IF HE DECIDES TO ADJOURN CONGRESS FOUR OR FIVE DAYS BEFORE THE END OF HIS ‘TIME PERIOD’, THEN CONGRESS MUST COME BACK INTO SESSION. THIS GIVES THE PRESIDENT TIME TO SEND BACK TO THE HOUSES HIS OBJECTIONS. CONGRESS HAS NO CHOICE IN THIS MATTER. THIS IS THE LAW. THIS MEANS THAT THE PRESIDENT IS ‘ASSURED’ CONGRESS STAYS IN SESSION ALL YEAR LONG SO HE MAY SEND A BILL BACK TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WITH OBJECTIONS. THIS WAY, CONGRESS, BY THE MERE ACTION OF ADJOURNMENT, MAY NOT PREVENT A BILL BECOMING A LAW!!!
HELLOOOOO! CAN ANYONE UP THERE READ?? IF YOU CAN’T READ UP THERE, MAYBE THE REAL CITIZENS OF THIS COUNTRY CAN TATTOO THE CONSTITUTION BACKWARDS ONTO YOUR FOREHEAD SO THAT EVERYTIME YOU LOOK IN THE MIRROR TO COMB YOUR HAIR, IT WILL BE THE FIRST THING YOU NOTICE.
THE LAW ABOVE ALSO STATES THAT THE PRESIDENT SHALL COMMISSION ALL THE OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES. AGAIN. HELLOOOO!!! THIS MEANS THAT THE PRESIDENT IS IN TOTAL CONTROL OF, NOT ONLY CONGRESS, BUT ABSOLUTELY EVERY OFFICER (GOVERNMENT PAID PERSON) WITHIN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. SO….IF HE THINKS THERE IS NEED, HE MAY PAY OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES TO ENFORCE THE LAW SO THAT HE SHALL TAKE CARE THAT THE LAWS BE FAITHFULLY EXECUTED.
‘ “Section. 4. The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.
Article. III.
Section.1. The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.” ’
HERE IS WHERE IT REALLY GETS DOWN AND DIRTY. OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES INCLUDE JUDGES BECAUSE THEY ARE PAID BY THE GOVERNMENT TO PROVIDE JUDICIAL POWER. IF THE PRESIDENT DECIDES TO COMMISSION ANY ONE OR MORE OF THOSE ‘OFFICES’, HE HAS THE POWER TO DECIDE THEIR ‘GOOD BEHAVIOUR’ AND TELL THEM TO PROVIDE SERVICES TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA UNDER FEDERAL CONTROL (COMMISSION). HE MAY ALSO, BY COMMISSION POWERS, DECOMMISSION AN OFFICER OR OFFICES.
IF HE DECIDES THE BEHAVIOUR OF ONE OR MORE OF THOSE OFFICERS IS NOT GOOD, THEN HE MAY DECOMMISSION THEM AND RELIEVE THEM OF THEIR OFFICE. THIS MEANS THAT THE OFFICER HOLDING JUDICIAL POWER MAY NOT RECEIVE COMPENSATION IF THE PRESIDENT DECOMMISSIONS THAT PERSON.
REMEMBER, BOTH THE SUPREME AND INFERIOR COURTS SHALL HOLD THEIR OFFICES DURING GOOD BEHAVIOUR. THE PRESIDENT DECIDES GOOD OR BAD BEHAVIOUR, NOT CONGRESS. CONGRESS MAY FROM TIME TO TIME ORDAIN AND ESTABLISH THE COURTS. THAT’S IT.
‘ “Section.2. The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;-to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;-to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;-to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;-to Controversies between two or more States;-[between a State and Citizens of another State;] – between Citizens of different States, – between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, [and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.]9
In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.
The trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.” ’
OK. SO NOW WE SEE THAT THE JUDICIAL POWER (both the supreme courts and inferior courts) SHALL EXTEND TO ALL CASES.
WHEN THE PRESIDENT DECIDES TO COMMISSION AN OFFICER(S) OF THE UNITED STATES TO ALL CASES, THEN THIS INCLUDES THE JUDICIAL POWERS. IN CASES AFFECTING AMBASSADORS, OTHER PUBLIC MINISTERS AND CONSULS, THEN THE SUPREME COURT SHALL HAVE ORIGINAL JURISDICTION.
THIS MEANS THAT IN ALL CASES WHERE AMBASSADORS, PUBLIC MINISTERS, AND CONSULS, AND THOSE IN WHICH A STATE SHALL BE A PARTY, THE SUPREME COURT HAS THE ORIGINAL JURISDICTION, NOT THE APPELLATE JURISDICTION.
IT CLEARLY STATES ABOVE THAT ALL OTHER CASES BEFORE MENTIONED (BESIDES) AMBASSADORS, PUBLIC MINISTERS, AND CONSULS, AND THOSE IN WHICH A STATE SHALL BE A PARTY, THE SUPREME COURT HAS APPELLATE JURISDICTION, BOTH AS TO LAW AND FACT, WITH SUCH EXCEPTIONS, AND UNDER SUCH REGULATIONS AS THE CONGRESS SHALL MAKE.
SOMETIMES, READING THE CONSTITUTION, CITIZENS MAY NOT REALIZE WHAT A COMMA OR A WORD MEANS. HOWEVER, THE FOUNDERS OF THIS COUNTRY MADE SIMPLE EXPLAINATION OF POWERS AND DUTIES TO HELP US DETERMINE HOW TO APPLY THE CONSTITUTION TO EACH CITIZEN, STATE, AND THE ENTIRE COUNTRY.
TAKING WORDS, SENTENCES, AND EVEN PARAGRAPHS OF THIS DOCUMENT AS LAWS OF OUR NATION, THE INTENT OF OUR ESTABLISHMENT IS APPARENT. THE SEPARATION OF POWERS IS IMPORTANT. IT KEEPS A FIRM CHECKS AND BALANCES OF POWER WITHIN OUR UNION.
FOR MANY YEARS NOW, OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES HAVE BEEN INTERPRETING THE LAWS OF THE CONSTITUTION WITHOUT EVEN READING THE ORIGINAL PRINT. THEY MAKE RULES AND REGULATIONS ASSUMING THEY UNDERSTAND HOW THE FOUNDERS MADE THE LAW. HOWEVER, THEY MAY NOT DEFINE SUCH SIMPLE PROCESS BY CONFOUNDING BY COMPLEXITY THE PERIOD AT THE END OF EACH SENTENCE.
THEREFORE, EACH SENTENCE IS SEPARATE FROM THE NEXT ONE. THE CONSTITUTION SOMETIMES STRINGS TOGETHER MANY THOUGHTS AND PROVIDES (;) OR (,) OR (.) TO HELP US DETERMINE THE POWER AND AUTHORITY FOR CERTAIN JURISDICTIONS. PLEASE TAKE THE TIME TO ACTUALLY PAUSE OR STOP WHENEVER YOU SEE PUCTUATIONS AS THE CONSTITUTIONAL WRITTEN SENTENCES PROVIDE STRICT AND UNDENIABLE LAW USING THESE FORMS OF COMMUNICATION.
FINALLY, READING THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENT SENTENCE BY SENTENCE WE FIND THAT THIS SENTENCE [In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction.] IS SEPARATE FROM THIS ONE [In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.] AND THAT CONGRESS MAY NOT MAKE EXCEPTIONS OR REGULATIONS IN CASES AFFECTING AMBASSADORS, OTHER PUBLIC MINISTERS AND CONSULS, AND THOSE IN WHICH A STATE SHALL BE PARTY, BECAUSE THE SUPREME COURT SHALL HAVE ORIGINAL JURISDICTION. PERIOD.
‘ “Section. 3. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.
The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.
Article. IV.
Section. 1. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts. Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And, the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records, and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.
Section. 2. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.
A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.
[No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.]10
Section. 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.
The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.
Section. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.
Article. V.
The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several Sates, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.
Article. VI.
All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.
This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.
The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.
Article. VII.
The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.
done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth In witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names.
G° Washington Presidt.
And deputy from Virginia
New Hampshire
John Langdon
Nicholas Gilman
Massachusetts
Nathaniel Gorman
Rufus King
Connecticut
Wm. Saml. Johnson
Roger Sherman
New York
Alexander Hamilton
New Jersey
Wil: Livingston
David Brearley
Wm. Paterson
Jona: Dayton
Pennsylvania
B Franklin
Robt Morris
Thos. FitzSimons
James Wilson
Thomas Mifflin
Gen. Clymer
Jared Ingersoll
Gouv Morris
Delaware
Geo: Read
John Dickinson
Jaco: Broom
Gunning Bedford jun
Richard Bassett
Maryland
James McHenry
Danl Carrol
Dan: of St Thos Jenifer
Virginia
John Blair
James Madison Jr.
North Carolina
Wm Blount
Hu Williamson
Richd. Dobbs Spaight
South Carolina
J. Rutledge
Charles Pinckney
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
Pierce Butler
Georgia
William Few
Abt Baldwin
Attest: William Jackson, Secretary
NOTES
The Constitution, adopted by a convention of States on September 17, 1787, was subsequently ratified by the several States on the following dates: Delaware, December 7, 1787; Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787; New Jersey, December 18, 1787; Georgia, January 2, 1788; Connecticut, January 9, 1788; Massachusetts, February 6, 1788; Maryland, April 28, 1788; South Carolina, May 23, 1788; New Hampshire, June 21, 1788. Ratification was completed on June 21, 1788. The Constitution was subsequently ratified by Virginia on June 25, 1788; New York, July 26, 1788; North Carolina, November 21, 1788; Rhode Island, May 29, 1790; and Vermont, January 10, 1791.
¹Changed by section 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment.
²Changed by the Seventeenth Amendment.
³Changed by clause 2 of the Seventeenth Amendment.
Changed by section 2 of the Twentieth Amendment.
See the Sixteenth Amendment.
6Superseded by the Twelfth Amendment.
Changed by the Twenty-Fifth Amendment.
Changed by the Eleventh Amendment.
9Changed by the Eleventh Amendment.
10Superseded by the Thirteenth Amendment.
NEED I SAY MORE?
NO. BUT I AM. BEGINNING NOW WITH PAGE 25 OF THE PAMPHLET:
‘ “In Convention Monday
September 17th 1787
Present
The States of
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Mr. Hamilton from New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.
Resolved,
That the preceeding Constitution be laid before the United States in Congress assembled, and that it is the Opinion of this Convention, that it should afterwards be submitted to a Convention of Delegates, chosen in each State by the People thereof, under the Recommendation of its Legislature, for their Assent and Ratification; and that each Convention assenting to, and ratifying the Same, should give Notice thereof to the United States in Congress assembled. Resolved, That it is the Opinion of this Convention, that as soon as the Conventions of nine States shall have ratified this Constitution, the United States in Congress assembled should fix a day on which Electors should be appointed by the States which shall have ratified the same, and a Day on which the Electors should assembled to vote for the President, and the Time and Place for commencing Proceedings under this Constitution.
That after such Publication the Electors should be appointed, and the Senators and Representatives elected: That the Electors should meet on the Day fixed for the Election of the President, and should transmit their Votes certified, signed, sealed and directed, as the Constitution requires, to the Secretary of the United States in Congress assembled, that the Senators and Representatives should convene at the Time and Place assigned, that the Senators should appoint a President of the Senate, for the sole Purpose of receiving, opening and counting the Votes for President; and, that after he shall be chosen, the Congress, together with the President, should, without Delay, proceed to execute this Constitution.
By the unanimous Order of the Convention
G°. WASHINGTON-Presidt.
W. JACKSON Secretary.
Congress of the United States
Begun and held at the City of New-York, on Wednesday the fourth of March, one thousand seven hundred and eighty nine
THE Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its power, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added: And as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government, will best ensure the beneficent ends of its institution.
RESOLVED by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following Articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as Amendments to the Constitution of the United States,, all or any of which Articles, when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution; viz¹
ARTICLES in addition to, and Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of several States, pursuant to the fifth Article of the original Constitution….
FREDERICK AUGUSTUS MULENBERG
Speaker of the House of Representatives
John Adams, Vice-President of the United States,
and President of the Senate.
ATTEST,
John Beckley, Clerk of the House of Representatives.
Sam A. Otis, Secretary of the Senate.
AMENDMENTS
TO THE CONSTITUTION
OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(The first ten amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, were ratified December 15, 1791)
Amendment I.
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
Amendment II.
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
Amendment III.
No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Amendment IV.
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
Amendment V.
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
Amendment VI.
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.
Amendment VII.
In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
Amendment VIII.
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Amendment IX.
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
Amendment X.
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, not prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
Amendment XI.
(Ratified February 7, 1795)
The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.
Amendment XII.
(Ratified June 15, 1804)
The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; -The President of the Senate shall, in the presence f the Senate and Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted;-the person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for a s President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. Bu in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states necessary to a choice. [And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President-]² The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.
Amendment XIII.
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Amendment XIV.
Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce ties of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunideprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; now deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being [twenty-one years of age],³ and citizens of the United States, or in any way representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in each State.
Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, no support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.
Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or the rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.
Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
Amendment XV.
(Ratified February 3, 1870)
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Amendment XVI.
(Ratified February 3, 1913)
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.
Amendment XVII.
(Ratified April 8, 1913)
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.
When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.
This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.
Amendment XVIII.
(Ratified January 16, 1919; Repealed by the Twenty-First Amendment, December 5, 1933)
[Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
Section 2. The Congress and the several states shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.]
Amendment XIX.
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Amendment XX.
Section 1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.
Section 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.
Section 3. If at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be elected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified.
Section 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.
Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article.
Section 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several states within seven years from the date of its submission.
Amendment XXI.
(Ratified December 5, 1933)
Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.
Section 2. The transportation or importation into any state, territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is heavily prohibited.
Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submissions hereof to the States by the Congress.
Amendment XXII.
(Ratified February 27, 1951)
Section 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted a President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.
Section 2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.
Amendment XXIII.
(Ratified March 29, 1961)
Section 1. The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct:
A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the states, buy they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.
Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Amendment XXIV.
(Ratified January 23, 1964)
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Amendment XXV.
(Ratified January 10, 1964)
Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.
Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.
Section 3. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a witness declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.
Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President.
Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.
Amendment XXVI.
(Ratified July 1, 1971)
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.
Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
Action of the Second Continental Congress, July 4, 1776
The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen United States of America
WHEN in the Course of human Events, it becomes necessary for one People to dissolve the Political Bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the Earth, the separate and equal Station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent Respect to the Opinions of Mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the Separation.
WE hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness—That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its Foundation on such Principles, and organizing its Powers in such Form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient Causes; and accordingly all Experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while Evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the Forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long Train of Abuses and Usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a Design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their Right, it is their Duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future Security. Such has been the patient Sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the Necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The History of the present King of Great-Britain is a history of repeated Injuries and Usurpations, all having in direct Object the Establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid World.
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public Good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing Importance, unless suspended in their Operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other Laws for the Accommodation of large Districts of People, unless those People would relinquish the Right of Representation in the Legislature, a Right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together Legislative Bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the Depository of their public Records, for the sole Purpose of fatiguing them into Compliance with his Measures.
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly Firmness his Invasions on the Rights of the People.
He has refused for a long Time, after such Dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the Dangers of Invasion from without, and Convulsions within.
He has endeavoured to prevent the Population of these States; for that Purpose obstructing the Laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their Migrations hither, and raising the Conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the Tenure of their Offices, and the Amount and Payment of their Salaries.
He has erected a Multitude of New offices, and sent hither Swarms of Officers to harass our People, and eat out their Substance.
He has kept among us, in Times of Peace, Standing Armies, without the consent of our Legislatures.
He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our Constitution, and unacknowledged by our Laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
For quartering large Bodies of Armed Troops among us:
For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
For cutting off our Trade with all Parts of the World:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depriving us, in many cases, of the Benefits of Trial by Jury:
For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended Offences:
For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an arbitrary Government, and enlarging its Boundaries, so as to render it at once an Example and fit Instrument for introducing the same absolute Rule into these Colonies:
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with Power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.
He has plundered our Seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our Towns, and destroyed the Lives of our People.
He is, at this time, transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the Works of Death, Desolation and Tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty and Perfidy, scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous Ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized Nation.
He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the Executioners of their Friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
He has excited domestic Insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the Inhabitants of our Frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known Rule of Warfare, is an undistinguished Destruction, of all Ages, Sexes and Conditions.
In every stage of these Oppressions we have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble Terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated Injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the Ruler of a free People.
Nor have we been wanting in Attentions to our British Brethren. We have warned them from Time to Time of Attempts by their Legislature to extend an unwarrantable Jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the Circumstances of our Emigration and Settlement here. We have appealed to their native Justice and Magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the Ties of our common Kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our Connections and Correspondence. They too have been deaf to the Voice of Justice and of Consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the Necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of Mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace, Friends.
WE, therefore, the Representatives of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the World for the Rectitude of our Intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly Publish and Declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be, Free and Independent States; that they are absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political Connection between them and the State of Great-Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm Reliance on the Protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.
The 56 signatures on the Declaration appear in the positions indicated:” ’
HERE IS WHERE I TELL YOU TO GO BUY THE $1.00 PAMPHLET FOR SALE AT THE CLINTON MUSEUM STORE LOCATED IN LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS!
‘ “THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on dedicate, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggle here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that those dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish form the earth.
Abraham Lincoln
November 19, 1893” ’
ACCORDING TO ALL INDICATIONS IN THIS COUNTRY, WE HAVE BEEN AT WAR FOR MANY YEARS OUT-COUNTRY AND IN-COUNTRY. THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS TELLS US THAT WE ARE THE LEADERS OF OUR OWN NATIONAL DESTINY. IT IS UP TO EACH ONE OF US AS CITIZENS TO DEMAND THAT OUR PAID GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVES PRESENT OUR CASES FOR EQUALITY.
PEOPLE DIED TO ALLOW YOU, ANOTHER CITIZEN, THE OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE THE AMERICAN DREAM. AND YOU TAKE APPROXIMATELY THE EQUIVELENT OF ONE DAY A YEAR TO REMEMBER THAT PEOPLE (OTHER CITIZENS) ARE THE GOVERNMENT PUBLIC SERVENTS PREVENTING OUR ENEMIES FROM ENSLAVING YOU AND YOUR CHILDREN.
ASK YOURSELF THIS, DOES ALL THIS EXCESSIVE SELF-JUSTIFYING SELF-INDULGENT LIFE-STYLE MAKE MY BUTT LOOK ANY BIGGER? IF YOU SAID YES, THEN YOU PROBABLY NEED TO GET OFF YOUR LARGE DERIERRE AND RUN, DON’T WALK, TO YOUR NEAREST GOVERNMENT OFFICE OR COURT HOUSE TO FIND OUT WHO IS TRYING TO OWN YOU. I DID THAT AND I AM HAPPY TO SAY THAT I LOST MANY POUNDS OF FAT, BUT I GAINED MEMORABLE PERSPECTIVE.
NO. THE TREADMILL WILL NOT DO. YOU MUST ACTUALLY…WALK OR RUN…USING THE LEGS THAT A SOLDIER FROM IRAQ LOST WHILE YOU SAT ON YOUR ASS.
THE INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION FILLS PAGES 53-56, BUT THE INSIDE BACK COVER HAS ELOQUENCE BEYOND OUR CURRENT SOCIETAL MEETING:
‘ “ “This was the object of the Declaration of Independence. Not to find out new principles, or new arguments, never before thought of, not merely to say things which had never been said before; but to place before mankind the common sense of the subject, in terms so plain and so firm as to command their assent, and to justify ourselves in the independent stand we are compelled to take.”
THOMAS JEFFERSON
“There, I guess King George will be able to read that.”
JOHN HANCOCK
REFERRING TO HIS LARGE SIGNATURE ON THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE” ’
ditto
